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Dietary Inorganic Nitrate and Cardiovascular Health: Effects on Endothelial Function

January 07, 2026 - Admin

Overview
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction—an early and reversible marker of vascular disease—is a well-established predictor of future cardiovascular events. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery is commonly used in research settings to assess endothelial health.†

Dietary inorganic nitrate, found in high concentrations in vegetables such as beetroot, spinach, and lettuce, has emerged as a modifiable nutritional factor that may improve vascular function. This article summarizes current clinical evidence evaluating the effects of inorganic nitrate intake on endothelial function.†

Biological Rationale
Inorganic nitrate serves as a precursor to nitric oxide (NO) through the nitrate–nitrite–NO pathway. After ingestion, nitrate is reduced to nitrite by oral bacteria and further converted to nitric oxide in the circulation. Nitric oxide is essential for vascular homeostasis, promoting vasodilation, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and supporting arterial flexibility.†

Methods Summary
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessed the effects of dietary and supplemental inorganic nitrate on endothelial function in adults. Thirteen trials were included, evaluating changes in brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) following nitrate intake compared with nitrate-free controls.

Key Findings
Inorganic nitrate supplementation was associated with a significant improvement in endothelial function, with an average increase in FMD of approximately 1.5%. This level of improvement is clinically meaningful and has been associated with a reduced risk of future cardiovascular events.†

Both acute and chronic nitrate intake improved endothelial function. Dietary and supplemental nitrate sources produced comparable effects, and moderate nitrate doses were sufficient to elicit benefits. Improvements were observed in both healthy individuals and those with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Clinical Significance
Regular consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables may represent an accessible and cost-effective strategy to support vascular health and reduce cardiovascular risk.

Conclusion
Current clinical evidence indicates that inorganic nitrate intake, particularly from vegetable sources, significantly improves endothelial function. Increasing dietary nitrate consumption may offer a practical, evidence-based approach to cardiovascular health.†

REFERENCE:
The Impact of Inorganic Nitrate on Endothelial Function. A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Meta-analysis.
Nutrition reviews, July 18, 2025
Begum Celik et al.

 

† These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.