Please ensure Javascript is enabled for purposes of website accessibility The Thermo Heat® Weight Loss Revolution

My Cart

Close

science nutrition blog

science nutrition <strong>blog</strong>

By Steve Blechman

 

The wildly successful “The Biggest Loser” television show started in the United States in 2004 and was adapted for local consumption in more than 30 countries around the world. Grossly obese men and women competed for a cash prize to lose the most weight. The show was wildly popular because it gave people hope. More than 67 percent of Americans are obese or overweight. “The Biggest Loser” showed people that it was possible to lose more than 100 pounds if they worked hard enough. Unfortunately, the show was more hype than reality.

A long-term study of “The Biggest Loser” contestants led by Erin Fothergill and Kevin Hall from the National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland found that contestants lost an average of 130 pounds during the show, but regained about 90 pounds after six years. Resting metabolic rate – the rate of caloric expenditure – decreased by 610 calories per day at the end of the study but decreased further to 704 calories per day six years later. Weight regain was almost inevitable because of the large decrease in resting metabolism. The contestants were worse off than before the show because they had regained previous losses but the rate they burned calories (i.e., resting metabolic rate) decreased by 25 percent.

Thermo Heat® Weight Loss Revolution is a groundbreaking scientific plan based on research involving brown adipose tissue (BAT) or brown fat. 

A true revolution absolutely requires a paradigm shift that fundamentally contradicts previously held notions. The widely held belief that all body fat is bad is currently being heavily scrutinized, due to the recent discovery of a different type of fat in humans known as brown fat. This type of body fat can actually burn off energy in the form of heat by a process known as thermogenesis, which can ultimately reduce overall body fat. This discovery has provided the requisite paradigm shift spawning a new revolution in weight loss that is the primary focus of the book, Thermo Heat® Weight Loss Revolution by Advanced Research Media.

The body has two forms of fat: white fat, or unwanted fat that can lie directly underneath the skin, detracting from the physique, and brown fat, which often is found in the shoulder blade region or the neck. Unlike white fat, brown fat is good, as it can actually burn calories. The more brown fat you have, the more calories you burn. Brown fat packed with mitochondria loaded with UCP-1, the protein that uncouples fat burning with ATP (energy) production instead of converting the energy into heat via thermogenesis, making the mitochondria effectively the “furnace” of the cell. The emergence of brown fat as a readily available fat-burning furnace is revolutionary, but, like any fire, it requires the proper kindling materials. The ability to get lean by producing extra brown fat, or enhancing the activity of existing brown fat, represents a promising way to burn fat and lose weight. Several landmark discoveries and approaches to enhancing brown fat function are being explored at major research centers and universities worldwide, with great excitement. Brown fat research is a hot topic today. Thermo Heat® Weight Loss Revolution is a groundbreaking, scientific plan based on research involving brown adipose tissue (BAT) or brown fat.

Thermo Heat® Weight Loss Revolution offers its readers a nutrition, diet and exercise program that targets brown fat, along with an informational guide on the best thermogenic nutritional supplements. Additionally, a section of the book is devoted to appropriate brown fat-activating food choices and easy-to-follow, thermogenic fat-burning meal plans. Followers of this scientifically developed program will find that they are able to harness the power of brown fat, maximize their energy expenditure, reach and maintain their ideal weight and achieve reduced body fat while preserving a lean, muscular physique – improving overall health and well-being. The contents of the book go into the critical details required to really understand the remarkable capacity of brown fat to stimulate the thermogenic loss of those unwanted pounds, and how to maintain that weight loss for a lifetime. Thermo Heat® Weight Loss Revolution by Michael J. Rudolph, Ph.D. includes the foreword by Daniel L. Friedman, MD and Eugene B. Friedman, MD. You can click the link to order on Amazon here published by Advanced Research Media, Inc. You can also get a free PDF version here

 

References:

 

  1. Joslin Diabetes Center. Transplanted brown-fat-like cells hold promise for obesity and diabetes. ScienceDaily, 26 August 2020. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200826141413.htm

 

  1. Chih-Hao Wang, Morten Lundh, Accalia Fu, Rókus Kriszt, Tian Lian Huang, Matthew D. Lynes, Luiz O. Leiria, Farnaz Shamsi, Justin Darcy, Bennett P. Greenwood, Niven R. Narain, Vladimir Tolstikov, Kyle L. Smith, Brice Emanuelli, Young-Tae Chang, Susan Hagen, Nika N. Danial, Michael A. Kiebish, Yu-Hua TsengCRISPR-engineered human brown-like adipocytes prevent diet-induced obesity and ameliorate metabolic syndrome in mice. Science Translational Medicine, August 26, 2020; 12 (558): eaaz8664 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz8664

 

  1. Wang Y, Tang C, Tang Y, Yin H, Liu X. Capsaicin has an anti-obesity effect through alterations in gut microbiota populations and short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Food Nutr Res. 2020;64:10.29219/fnr.v64.3525. Published 2020 Feb 19. doi:10.29219/fnr.v64.3525

 

  1. Chili Pepper Consumption and Mortality in Italian Adults. Marialaura Bonaccio, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Simona Costanzo, Emilia Ruggiero, Amalia De Curtis, Mariarosaria Persichillo, Claudio Tabolacci, Francesco Facchiano, Chiara Cerletti, Maria Benedetta Donati, Giovanni de Gaetano, Licia Iacoviello, on behalf of the Moli-sani Study Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Dec, 74 (25) 3139-3149.

 

  1. Gong H Jr, Simmons MS, Tashkin DP, Hui KK, Lee EY. Bronchodilator effects of caffeine in coffee. A dose-response study of asthmatic subjects. Chest. 1986;89(3):335-342. doi:10.1378/chest.89.3.335

 

  1. Denova‐Gutiérrez, E., Lopez‐Gatell, H., Alomia‐Zegarra, J.L., López‐Ridaura, R., Zaragoza‐Jimenez, C.A., Dyer‐Leal, D.D., Cortés‐Alcala, R., Villa‐Reyes, T., Gutiérrez‐Vargas, R., Rodríguez‐González, K., Escondrillas‐Maya, C., Barrientos‐Gutiérrez, T., Rivera, J.A. and Barquera, S. (2020), The association between obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension with severe COVID‐19 on admission among Mexicans. Obesity. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:10.1002/oby.22946

 

  1. Hirode G, Wong RJ. Trends in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the United States, 2011-2016. JAMA. 2020;323(24):2526-2528. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.4501 

 

  1. More than One-Third of Americans Have Dangerous Metabolic Syndrome. Written by Moira McCarthy on June 26, 2020 - Fact checked by Michael Crescione. Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health-news/more-than-one-third-of-americans-have-dangerous-metabolic-syndrome

 

  1. Projected U.S. State-Level Prevalence of Adult Obesity and Severe Obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine. Massachusetts Medical Society. Dec 19, 2019. Zachary J. Ward et al. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1909301

 

  1. Quarantine Weight Gain Not A Joking Matter. Debbie Koenig. WebMD. May 21, 2020. https://www.webmd.com/lung/news/20200521/quarantine-weight-gain-not-a-joking-matter

 

  1. Chao Cao, Qinran Liu, Mohammad Abufaraj, Yunan Han, Tianlin Xu, Thomas Waldhoer, Shahrokh F Shariat, Shengxu Li, Lin Yang, Lee Smith, Regular Coffee Consumption Is Associated with Lower Regional Adiposity Measured by DXA among US Women, The Journal of Nutrition, nxaa121, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa121

 

  1. Anglia Ruskin University. Coffee linked to lower body fat in women: Compounds in coffee may have anti-obesity properties. ScienceDaily, 13 May 2020. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/05/200513200402.htm  

 

  1. Tverdal A, Selmer R, Cohen JM, Thelle DS. Coffee consumption and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and total mortality: Does the brewing method matter? [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 22]. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020;2047487320914443. doi:10.1177/2047487320914443 

 

  1. Watanabe, M., Risi, R., Tuccinardi, D., Baquero, C.J., Manfrini, S. and Gnessi, L. (2020), Obesity and SARS‐CoV‐2: a population to safeguard. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:10.1002/dmrr.3325 

 

  1. Nicastro H, Carvalho.M, Barquilha G, Ferreira LS. Leucine Supplementation: A Possible Anti Inflammatory Strategy Evidences from a Pilot Study. SL Nutr Metab. 2017;1(1):114. 

 

  1. Darabi Z, Darand M, Yari Z, et al. Inflammatory markers response to citrulline supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):89. Published 2019 Feb 15. doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4130-6 

 

  1. Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent. Alessio Mazzoni, Francesco Annunziato, Lorenzo Cosmi. May 28, 2020. J Clin Invest. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI138554. 

 

  1. Takeshi Yoneshiro et al. BCAA catabolism in brown fat controls energy homeostasis through SLC25A44. Nature, August 21, 2019 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1503-x 

 

  1. Caffeine exposure induces browning features in adipose tissue in vitro and in vivo. Ksenija Velickovic, Declan Wayne, Hilda Anaid Lugo Leija, Ian Bloor, David E. Morris, James Law, Helen Budge, Harold Sacks, Michael E. Symonds & Virginie Sottile. June 24, 2019. Nature Scientific Reports volume 9, Article number: 9104 (6/24/2019)  

 

  1. Sara Sloat. Weight Loss Study Reveals Coffee’s Role in Burning One Kind of Body Fat https://www.inverse.com/article/57059-coffee-brown-fat-caffeine-weight-lossInverse.com June 25, 2019  

 

  1. Yang YJ, Son HJ, et al. Coffee consumption promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy and myoblast differentiation. Food Funct 2018, 9, 1102. DOI: 10.1039/C7FO01683B. 

 

  1. Wedick N, Mantzoros C, et al. The effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on sex hormone-binding globulin and endogenous sex hormone levels: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrition Journal, 201211:86 https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-11-86. Wedick et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2012 Received June 14, 2012; Accepted October 16, 2012; Published October 19, 2012 

 

  1. Symonds, M. E., Aldiss, P., Pope, M. & Budge, H. Recent advances in our understanding of brown and beige adipose tissue: the good fat that keeps you healthy. F1000Res 7, https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.14585.1 (2018). 

 

  1. Ouellet, V. et al. Brown adipose tissue oxidative metabolism contributes to energy expenditure during acute cold exposure in humans. J Clin Invest 122, 545-552, https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI60433 (2012). 

 

  1. van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D. et al. Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl JMed 360, 1500-1508, https://doi. org/10.1056/NEJMoa0808718 (2009).  

 

  1. Darre, L. & Domene, C. Binding of Capsaicin to the TRPV1 Ion Channel. Mol Pharm 12, 4454-4465, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs. molpharmaceut.5b00641 (2015)  

 

  1. Derbenev, A. V. & Zsombok, A. Potential therapeutic value of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in diabetes mellitus and obesity. Semin Immunopathol 38, 397-406, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-015-0529-x (2016). 

 

  1. Luo, Z. et al. TRPV1 activation improves exercise endurance and energy metabolism through PGC-1alpha upregulation in mice. Cell Res 22, 551-564, https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2011.205 (2012).   

 

  1. Astrup, A. et al. Caffeine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 51, 759-767, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/51.5.759 (1990). 

 

  1. Yoon M-S. The emerging role of branched-chain amino acids in insulin resistance and metabolism. Forum Nutr, 2016; 8: 405-17.

 

  1. Binder E, Bermudez-Silva FJ, Andre C et al. Leucine supplementation protects from insulin resistance by regulating adiposity levels. PLoS One, 2013; 8:e74705.    

 

  1. Zhang Y, Guo K, LeBlanc RE, Loh D, Schwartz GJ, Yu YH. Increasing dietary leucine intake reduces diet-induced obesity and improves glucose and cholesterol metabolism in mice via multimechanisms. Diabetes, 2007; 56: 1647-54. 

 

  1. Lynch, C.J. and Adams, SH (2014) Branched-chain amino acids in metabolic signaling and insulin resistance. Nat Rev Endrocrinol 10, 723-736. 

 

  1. Xiao, F, Yu, J, Guo, Y, Deng, J, Li, K, et al (2014) Effects of individual branched-chain amino acids deprivation on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in mice. Metabolism 63, 841-850.

 

  1. Jang C, Oh, SF, et al A branched-chain amino acid metabolite drives vascular fatty acid transport and causes insulin resistance. Nat Med 22, 421-426 

 

  1. Lotta LA, Scott RA, Sharp SJ, Burgess S, Luan J, et al. (2016) Genetic Predisposition to an Impaired Metabolism of the Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Mendelian Randomisation Analysis. PLOS Medicine 13(11): e1002179. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002179

 

  1. Avogaro, A and Bier, DM (1989.) Contribution of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate to the measurement of 3-hydroxybutyrate in human plasma: comparison of enzymatic and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assays in normal and in diabetic subjects. J Lipid Res 30, 1811-1817 

 

  1. Alterations in 3-Hydroxyisobutyrate and FGF21 Metabolism Are Associated With Protein Ingestion–Induced Insulin Resistance Lydia-Ann LS Harris, Gordon I Smith, Bruce W Patterson, Raja S Ramaswamy et al. Diabetes 2017;66:1871-1878 https://doi.org/10.2337/db16-1475

 

  1. Elevated Plasma Levels of 3-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid Are Associated With Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mardinoglu, Adil et al. EBioMedicine, Volume 27, 151-155, Jan. 2018. 

 

  1. Ulrika Andersson-Hall, Carolina Gustavsson, Anders Pedersen, Daniel Malmodin, Louise Joelsson, and Agneta Holmäng. Higher Concentrations of BCAAs and 3-HIB Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in the Transition from Gestational Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Research, vol. 2018, Article ID 4207067, 12 pages, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4207067.  

 

  1. Macotela, Y Emanuelli, B, Bang, AM et al. (2011) Dietary leucine - an environmental modifier of insulin resistance acting on multiple levels of metabolism. PLoS One 6, e21187. 

 

  1. Increasing Dietary Leucine Intake Reduces Diet-Induced Obesity and Improves Glucose and Cholesterol Metabolism in Mice via Multimechanisms. Y. Zhang, K. Guo, R.E. LeBlanc, D. Loh, G.J. Schwartz, Y. Yu Diabetes Jun 2007, 56 (6) 1647-1654; DOI: 10.2337/db07-0123 

 

  1. Sina S Ullrich, Penelope CE Fitzgerald, Gudrun Schober, Robert E Steinert, Michael Horowitz, Christine Feinle-Bisset; Intragastric administration of leucine or isoleucine lowers the blood glucose response to a mixed-nutrient drink by different mechanisms in healthy, lean volunteers, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 104, Issue 5, 1 November 2016, Pages 1274-1284, https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.140640.  

 

  1. Li, H, Xu, M, Lee, J, He, C, & Xie, Z (2012). Leucine supplementation increases SIRT1 expression and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 303(10), E1234-E1244. http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00198.2012

 

  1. Kotyczka, C., Boettler, U., Lang, R., Stiebitz, H., Bytof, G., Lantz, I., Hofmann, T., Marko, D. and Somoza, V. (2011), Dark roast coffee is more effective than light roast coffee in reducing body weight, and in restoring red blood cell vitamin E and glutathione concentrations in healthy volunteers. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 55: 1582-1586. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201100248 

 

  1. Dulloo, A. G., Geissler, C. A., Horton, T., Collins, A. & Miller, D. S. Normal caffeine consumption: influence on thermogenesis and daily energy expenditure in lean and post obese human volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 49, 44-50, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/49.1.44 (1989). 

 

  1. Kogure, A. et al. Effects of caffeine on the uncoupling protein family in obese yellow KK mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 29, 391-394 (2002).

 

  1. Okano, J., Nagahara, T., Matsumoto, K. & Murawaki, Y. Caffeine inhibits the proliferation of liver cancer cells and activates the MEK/ ERK/EGFR signaling pathway. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 102, 543-551, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00231.x (2008). 

 

  1. Law, J. et al. Thermal Imaging is a Noninvasive Alternative to PET/CT for Measurement of Brown Adipose Tissue Activity in Humans. J Nucl Med 59, 516-522, https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.190546 (2018).

 

  1. Yoshioka, K., Yoshida, T., Kamanaru, K., Hiraoka, N. & Kondo, M. Caffeine activates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and metabolic rate in mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 36, 173-178 (1990).  

 

  1. Borba GL, Batista JSF, Novais LMQ, et al. Acute Caffeine and Coconut Oil Intake, Isolated or Combined, Does Not Improve Running Times of Recreational Runners: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled and Crossover Study. Nutrients 2019;11(7):1661. Published 2019 Jul 20. doi:10.3390/nu11071661  

 

  1. Acute effects of three high-fat meals with different fat saturations on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and satiety. Casas-Agustench, P. et al. Clinical Nutrition, Volume 28, Issue 1, 39-45 2009  

 

  1. The effect of dietary oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids on fat oxidation and energy expenditure in healthy men. Jones, Peter J.H. et al. Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental, Volume 57, Issue 9, 1198-1203 

 

  1. The influence of the type of dietary fat on postprandial fat oxidation rates: monounsaturated (olive oil) vs saturated fat (cream). LS Piers, KZ Walker, RM Stoney, MJ Soares and K O’Dea. International Journal of Obesity (2002) 26, 814-821 (2002)  

 

  1. Tyler A Churchward-Venne, Leigh Breen, Danielle M Di Donato, Amy J Hector, Cameron J Mitchell, Daniel R Moore, Trent Stellingwerff, Denis Breuille, Elizabeth A Offord, Steven K Baker, Stuart M Phillips, Leucine supplementation of a low-protein mixed macronutrient beverage enhances myofibrillar protein synthesis in young men: a double-blind, randomized trial, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 99, Issue 2, February 2014, Pages 276-286, https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.068775

 

  1. Chunzi Liang, Benjamin J Curry, Patricia L Brown and Michael B. Zemel. Leucine Modulates Mitochondrial Biogenesis and SIRT1-AMPK Signaling in C2C12 Myotubes. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 2014, Article ID 239750, 11 pages, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/239750.  

 

  1. Impact of 3-week citrulline supplementation on postprandial protein metabolism in malnourished older patients: The Ciproage randomized controlled trial. Bouillanne, Olivier et al. Clinical Nutrition, Volume 38, Issue 2, 564-574. April 2019 

 

  1. Nitric oxide and mitochondrial biogenesis. Enzo Nisoli, Michele O. Carruba. J Cell Sci 2006 119: 2855-2862; doi: 10.1242/jcs.03062 

 

  1. Allerton, T.D.; Proctor, D.N.; Stephens, J.M.; Dugas, T.R.; Spielmann, G.; Irving, B.A. l-Citrulline Supplementation: Impact on Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients 2018, 10, 921.  

 

  1. Yoshitomi H, Momoo M, Ma X, et al. L-Citrulline increases hepatic sensitivity to insulin by reducing the phosphorylation of serine 1101 in insulin receptor substrate-1. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:188. Published 2015 Jun 18. doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0706-4.  

 

  1. Inflammatory markers response to citrulline supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Zahra Darabi, Mina Darand, Zahra Yari, Mehdi Hedayati, Amirhosein Faghihi, Shahram Agah and Azita Hekmatdoost. BMC Research.2019/12:89 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4130-6.  

 

  1. Villareal MO, Matsukawa T, Isoda H. L-Citrulline Supplementation-Increased Skeletal Muscle PGC-1alpha Expression is Associated With Exercise Performance and Increased Skeletal Muscle Weight [published online ahead of print, 2018 Jun 25]. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2018;62(14):e1701043. doi:10.1002/mnfr.20170104.  

 

  1. Cliff J. d C. Harvey, Grant M. Schofield, Micalla Williden, and Joseph A. McQuillan. The Effect of Medium Chain Triglycerides on Time to Nutritional Ketosis and Symptoms of Keto-Induction in Healthy Adults: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, vol. 2018, Article ID 2630565, 9 pages, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2630565.   

 

  1. Li H, Xu M, Lee J, He C and Xie Z. (2012). Leucine supplementation increases SIRT1 expression and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism, 303(10), E1234-E1244. http://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00198.2012

 

  1. Tsuboi T, Maeda M, Hayashi T. Administration of L-arginine plus L-citrulline or L-citrulline alone successfully retarded endothelial senescence. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0192252. Published 2018 Feb 7. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0192252  

 

66.Miriam E. Clegg (2010) Medium-chain triglycerides are advantageous in promoting weight loss although not beneficial to exercise performance, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 61:7, 653-679, DOI: 10.3109/09637481003702114

 

  1. Activation of the AMPK/Sirt1 pathway by a leucine-metformin combination increases insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, and stimulates glucose and lipid metabolism and increases life span in Caenorhabditis elegans. Banerjee, Jheelam et al. Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental, Volume 65, Issue 11, 1679-1691. November 2016.  

 

  1. Romero, M. J., Platt, D. H., Caldwell, R. B. and Caldwell, R. W. (2006), Therapeutic Use of Citrulline in Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovascular Drug Reviews, 24: 275-290. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2006.00275.x

 

  1. Zhang Y, Guo K, LeBlanc RE, Loh D, Schwartz GJ, Yu YH. Increasing dietary leucine intake reduces diet-induced obesity and improves glucose and cholesterol metabolism in mice via multimechanisms. Diabetes 2007; 56: 164754.  

 

  1. Grape seed and skin extract mitigates heart and liver oxidative damage induced by a high-fat diet in the rat: gender dependency. Kamel Charradi, Mohamed Mahmoudi, Salem Elkahoui, Ferid Limam, Ezzedine Aouani. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 2013, 91:1076-1085, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2013-0225

 

  1. Dong Hang, Ane Sørlie Kværner, Wenjie Ma, Yang Hu, Fred K Tabung, Hongmei Nan, Zhibin Hu, Hongbing Shen, Lorelei A Mucci, Andrew T Chan, Edward L Giovannucci, Mingyang Song. Coffee consumption and plasma biomarkers of metabolic and inflammatory pathways in US health professionals, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 109, Issue 3, March 2019, Pages 635-647, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy295

 

  1. Joffin N, Jaubert AM, Bamba J, Barouki R, Noirez P, Forest C. Acute induction of uncoupling protein 1 by citrulline in cultured explants of white adipose tissue from lean and high-fat-diet-fed rats. Adipocyte. 2015;4(2):129-34. Published 2015 Jan 7. doi:10.4161/21623945.2014.989748  

 

  1. Joffin, N., Jaubert, A., Durant, S., Bastin, J., De Bandt, J., Cynober, L., Moinard, C., Coumoul, X., Forest, C. and Noirez, P. (2014), Citrulline reduces glyceroneogenesis and induces fatty acid release in visceral adipose tissue from overweight rats. Mol Nutr Food Res, 58: 2320-2330. doi:10.1002/mnfr.201400507  

 

  1. Salehpour A, Hosseinpanah F, Shidfar F, et al. A 12-week double-blind randomized clinical trial of vitamin D₃ supplementation on body fat mass in healthy overweight and obese women. Nutr J. 2012;11:78. Published 2012 Sep 22. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-11-7   

 

  1. Vitamin D decreases adipocyte lipid storage and increases NAD-SIRT1 pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Chang, Eugene; Kim, Yangha. Nutrition, 2016, Vol: 32, Issue: 6, Page: 702-8 10.1016/j.nut.2015.12.032 

 

  1. Miriam E. Clegg (2010) Medium-chain triglycerides are advantageous in promoting weight loss although not beneficial to exercise performance, International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 61:7, 653-679, DOI: 10.3109/09637481003702114 

 

  1. LaBarrie J, St-Onge MP. A coconut oil-rich meal does not enhance thermogenesis compared to corn oil in a randomized trial in obese adolescents. Insights Nutr Metab. 2017;1(1):30-3  

 

  1. Farhat, G., Drummond, S., and Al‐Dujaili, E. A. S. (2017) Polyphenols and Their Role in Obesity Management: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Phytother. Res., 31: 1005-1018. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5830.  

 

  1. Sugita, J., Yoneshiro, T., Hatano, T., Aita, S., Ikemoto, T., Uchiwa, H., Saito, M. (2013). Grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta) extract activates brown adipose tissue and increases whole-body energy expenditure in men. British Journal of Nutrition, 110(4), 733-738. doi:10.1017/S0007114512005715  

 

  1. Jun Sugita, Takeshi Yoneshiro, Yuuki Sugishima, Takeshi Ikemoto, Hideyo Uchiwa, Isao Suzuki, Masayuki Saito, Daily Ingestion of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta) Extract Increases Whole-Body Energy Expenditure and Decreases Visceral Fat in Humans, Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, 2014, Volume 60, Issue 1, Pages 22-27, Released April 24, 2014. 

 

  1. Hattori, H., Yamauchi, K., Onwona‐Agyeman, S. and Mitsunaga, T. (2018), Identification of vanilloid compounds in grains of paradise and their effects on sympathetic nerve activity. J Sci Food Agric, 98: 4742-4748. doi:10.1002/jsfa.9009 

 

  1. Ross S. Mancini, Yanfei Wang, Donald F. Weaver. Phenylindanes in Brewed Coffee Inhibit Amyloid-Beta and Tau Aggregation. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2018; 12 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00735 

 

  1. University Health Network. Drinking coffee may reduce your chances of developing Alzheimer's, Parkinson's. ScienceDaily, 5 November 2018. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/11/181105160825.htm 

 

  1. Ilic NM, Dey M, Poulev AA, Logendra S, Kuhn PE, Raskin I. Anti-inflammatory activity of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta Schum) extract. J Agric Food Chem. 2014;62(43):10452-7.  

 

  1. Increment in Dietary Potassium Predicts Weight Loss in the Treatment of the Metabolic Syndrome Brurya Tal, Jessica Sack, Marianna Yaron, Gabi Shefer, Assaf Buch, Limor Ben Haim, Yonit Marcus, Galina Shenkerman, Yael Sofer, Lili Shefer, Miri Margaliot and Naftali Stern. Nutrients June 2,2019, 11(6), 1256; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061256.   

 

  1. Cai, X.; Li, X.; Fan, W.; Yu, W.; Wang, S.; Li, Z.; Scott, E.M.; Li, X. Potassium and Obesity/Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Epidemiological Evidence. Nutrients March 25, 2016, 183, 8.   

 

  1. THE THERMO HEAT® LOW-CARB MEDITERRANEAN DIET: WHY IT’S THE HEALTHIEST & BEST DIET FOR 2019 by Steve Blechman, https://advancedmolecularlabs.com/blogs/news/the-thermo-heat%C2%AE-low-carb-mediterranean-diet-why-it-s-the-healthiest-best-diet-for-2019

 

  1. The Thermo Heat® Weight Loss Revolution, by Michael J. Rudolph, Ph.D, including the foreword by Daniel L. Friedman, MD and Eugene B Friedman, MD.